When couples struggle to conceive, one of the first steps towards clarity is understanding Fertility tests. These tests help doctors identify the root cause of infertility and guide the right treatment plan. In Tamil Nadu and across India, many couples delay seeking help because of stigma or lack of awareness, but early testing can make a big difference.
In this blog, we’ll explore the 7 most important fertility tests every couple should know about, how they work, and why they matter.
1. Ovulation Testing (Women)
Ovulation is key to conception. If a woman isn’t releasing an egg regularly, pregnancy becomes difficult.
How it’s tested: Blood tests to measure hormone levels (like progesterone), or at-home ovulation kits.
Why it matters: Detects irregular cycles, PCOS, or hormonal imbalances that may affect fertility.
2. Semen Analysis (Men)
Male factor infertility accounts for nearly 40–50% of infertility cases.
How it’s tested: A semen sample is collected and checked for sperm count, motility (movement), and morphology (shape).
Why it matters: Identifies low sperm count, poor motility, or structural issues that reduce chances of conception.
Hormones play a central role in fertility and reproductive health.
How it’s tested: Blood tests for FSH, LH, AMH, TSH, and prolactin.
Why it matters:
FSH & AMH show ovarian reserve (egg count).
Thyroid hormones (TSH) affect ovulation.
Prolactin imbalances may prevent pregnancy.
4. Ultrasound Scan of Pelvis
Ultrasound scans help visualise the uterus and ovaries.
How it’s tested: Transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound.
Why it matters: Detects PCOS, fibroids, endometriosis, or structural abnormalities in the uterus that may prevent implantation.
5. HSG (Hysterosalpingography) – Fallopian Tube Test
Blocked fallopian tubes are a common cause of infertility.
How it’s tested: X-ray dye test to check whether tubes are open or blocked.
Why it matters: Confirms whether eggs can travel from the ovary to the uterus.
6. Genetic & Infection Screening
Sometimes, infertility may be linked to genetic conditions or hidden infections.
How it’s tested: Blood tests or DNA tests to detect chromosomal issues, and screening for STIs.
Why it matters: Prevents recurrent miscarriages and ensures healthy pregnancy outcomes.
7. Laparoscopy & Hysteroscopy
When other tests are inconclusive, doctors may suggest minor surgical procedures.
How it’s tested: A thin camera is inserted into the abdomen (laparoscopy) or uterus (hysteroscopy).
Why it matters: Detects and treats conditions like endometriosis, adhesions, or uterine polyps.
FAQs
Couples are usually advised to undergo fertility tests if they have been trying to conceive for more than 12 months (or 6 months if the woman is over 35 years old) without success. If there are known reproductive health concerns, earlier testing may be recommended.
Most fertility tests, like blood tests, semen analysis, and ultrasound scans, are painless and non-invasive. However, some procedures like HSG (Hysterosalpingography) may cause mild discomfort or cramping, but it is temporary and manageable.
No. Fertility is a shared responsibility. Men also undergo fertility tests, such as semen analysis and hormone checks, to evaluate sperm quality, count, and motility.
The cost can vary depending on the test and clinic. Basic fertility tests (like blood work and semen analysis) may be affordable, while advanced tests (like genetic screening or laparoscopy) may cost more. It’s best to consult your local fertility centre for exact pricing.
Fertility tests cannot guarantee pregnancy, but they identify possible causes of infertility and help doctors recommend the right treatment, such as IUI, IVF, or medication-based therapies.
Conclusion
Fertility issues can feel overwhelming, but testing is the first step to clarity and hope. By identifying the exact cause, couples in Tamil Nadu and beyond can receive personalised treatment — whether it’s medication, IUI, IVF, or lifestyle changes.
👉 If you and your partner have been trying to conceive for more than a year (or 6 months if the woman is over 35), it’s best to consult a fertility specialist and begin testing early.
